This audio was recorded in 1992, in the homes of Wu Wenxue and Jiefu in Xiakou village. Local people referred to these songs as shan'ge, but they are obviously quite different from the mountain songs performed by Zhu Congde and Wu Guangkui. This style of singing could also be called "haozi" (field hollers) or "sijutou" (four liners) referring to their 4 line structure. In contrast to the relatively fixed lyrics of the shan'ge sung by Zhu and Wu Guangkui, these short songs were largely composed of spontaneous inventions; the words were simply made up to fit the particular situation. For this reason, it was difficult for people to sing, because there was usually no appropriate context (specifically, group agricultural labor) present for their performance. For a reinvented performance context, see Wu Suyong's shan'ge (linked in the main essay).